Rhône AGG Description/Documentation

    The authors would like to thank all their colleagues at the many French laboratories which have participated in the development of the Rhône modeling system. This work was supported by the program National d'Etude du Climat (PNEC), and by the Program National de Recherches en Hydrologie (PNRH). The Institut Francais d'ENvironnement (IFEN), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), the Banque Hydrologie, the French Environment Ministry and Météo-France provided the land-cover, soil, river flow and atmospheric data bases. The GEWEX-Rhône group consists of Météo-France (GMME: Group de Météorologie de Moyenne Echelle and CEN: Centre d'Etudes de la Neige), Centre Informatique et G\'eographique (CIG), Centre d'Etude du Machinisme Agricole, du Génie Rural, des Eaux et Forets (CEMAGREF), Centre d'etude des Environnements Terrestre et Planétaire (CETP), Laboratoire d'etude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement (LTHE) and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minieres (BRGM).

    A listing of various world wide web links cited in this document are shown here.

• ALMA http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/ALMA
• GEWEX http://gewex.com/
• GLASS http://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GLASS/
• GSWP http://grads.iges.org/gswp/
• ISBA http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/mc2/index.html
• PILPS http://www.cic.mq.edu.au/pilps-rice/
• PILPS-2e http://www.hydro.washington.edu/Lettenmaier/CurrentResearch/PILPS-2e/index.htm
• Rhône-AGG http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/mc2/projects/rhoneagg/index.html
• SnowMIP http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/snowmip/

André, J. C., J. P. Goutorbe and A. Perrier, 1986: HAPEX-MOBILHY: A hydrologic atmospheric experiment for the study of water budget and evaporation flux at the climatic scale. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 138-144.

Beljaars, A. C. M., and F. C. Bosveld, 1997: Cabauw data for the validation of land surface parameterization schemes. J. Climate, 10, 1172-1193.

Brooks, R. H., and A. T. Corey, 1966: Properties of porous media affecting fluid flow. J. Irrig. Drain. American Soc. Civil Eng., IR 2, 61-88.

Champeaux, J. L., and H. Legléau, 1995: Vegetation mapping over Europe using NOAA/AVHRR. paper presented at the 1995 Meteorological Satellite Data Users Conference, Eur. Org. for the Exploit. of Meteor. Satell., Winchester, England.

Chen, T. H., A. Henderson-Sellers, P. C. D. Milly, A. J. Pitman, A. C. M. Beljaars, J. Polcher, F. Abramopoulos, A. Boone, S. Chang, F. Chen, Y. Dai, C. E. Desborough, R. E. Dickinson, L. Duemenil, M. Ek, J. R. Garratt, N. Gedney, Y. M. Gusev, J. Kim, R. Koster, E. Kowalczyk, K. Laval, J. Lean, D. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, H.-T. Mengelkamp, K. Mitchell, O. N. Nasonova, J. Noilhan, A. Robock, C. Rosenzweig, J. Schaake, C. A. Schlosser, J.-P. Schulz, Y. Shao, A. B. Shmakin, D. L. Verseghy, P. Wetzel, E. F. Wood, Y. Xue, Z.-L. Yang, and Q. Zeng, 1997: Cabauw experimental results from the project for intercomparison of landsurface schemes (PILPS). J. Climate, 10, 1194-1215.

Clapp, R., and G. Hornberger, 1978: Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 14, 601-604.

Cosby, B. J., G. M. Hornberger, R. B. Clapp, and T. R. Ginn, 1984: A statistical exploration of the relationships of soil moisture characteristics to the physical properties of soils, Water Resour. Res., 20, 682-690.

Courtier, P., and J.-F. Geleyn, 1988: A global numerical weather prediction model with variable resolution. Applications to the shallow water equations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 114, 1321-1346.

Dirmeyer, P. A., A. J. Dolman, and N. Sato, 1999: The global soil wetness project: A pilot project for global land surface modeling and validation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 851-878.

Dolman, H., and R. Dickinson, 1997: Land-Surface parameterizations/soil vegetation-atmosphere transfer schemes workshop- Conclusions and working group reports. GEWEX Tech. Rep., IGPO Series Pub. No. 31, La Jolla, California, 10-14, February.

Durand, Y., E. Brun, L. Mérindol, G. Guyomarc'h, B. Lesaffre, and E. Martin, 1993: A meteorological estimation of relevant parameters for snow schemes used with atmospheric models. Ann. Glaciol., 18, 65-71.

Essery, R., E. Martin, H. Douville, A. Fernandez, and E. Brun, 1999: A comparison of four snow models using observations from an alpine site. Clim. Dyn., 15, 583-593.

Etchevers, P., C. Golaz and F. Habets, 2001: Simulation of the water budget and the river flows of the Rhône basin from 1981 to 1994. J. Hydrol., 244, 60-85.

Giard, D., and E. Bazile, 2000: Implementation of a new assimilation scheme for soil and surface variables in a global NWP model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 997-1015.

Giordano, A., and Co-authors, 1990: CORINE soil erosion risk and important land resources. Tech. Rep. 13233 EN, EUR, Eur. Communities.

Golaz, C., 1999: Modêelisation hydrologique al'échelle régionale appliquée au bassin du Rhône: Comparaison de deux modes de calcul des bilans hydriques de surface et Etude de sensibilité a une perturbation des forcages atmosphériques. (Hydrological Modeling at a regional scale applied to the Rhône basin: Comparison of two methods of calculating the surface hydrological budgets, and a sensitivity study of an atmospheric forcing perturbation). Ph.D. Thesis, ecole Nat. Supérier. des Mines de Paris, France.

Golaz C., P. Etchevers, F. Habets, E. Ledoux and J. Noilhan, 2001: Comparison of two hydrological simulations of the Rhône basin, Phys. and Chem. of the Earth, 26, (in press)

Habets, F., J. Noilhan, C. Golaz, J.P. Goutorbe, P. Lacarrère, E. Leblois, E. Ledoux, E. Martin, C. Ottlé, and D. Vidal-Madjar, 1999a: The ISBA surface scheme in a macroscale hydrological model applied to the HAPEX-MOBILHY area Part 1: Model and database. J. Hydrol., 217, 75-96.

Habets, F., P. Etchevers, C. Golaz, E. Leblois, E. Ledoux, E. Martin, J. Noilhan, and C. Ottlé, 1999b: Simulation of the water budget and the river flows of the Rhône basin. J. of Geophys. Res., 104, 31,145-31,172.

Henderson-Sellers, A., A. Pitman, P. Love, P. Irannejad, and T. Chen, 1995: The project of intercomparison of land-surface parameterization schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 and 3. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 489-503.

Henderson-Sellers, A., Z.-L. Yang and R. E. Dickinson, 1993: The project for intercomparison of land--surface parameterization schemes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1335-1349.

Jacquemin, B. and J. Noilhan, 1990: Sensitivity study and validation of a land surface parameterization using the HAPEX-MOBILHY data set. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 52, 93-134.

King, D., C. LeBas, M. Jamagne, R. Hardy, and J. Daroussin, 1995: Base de données Géographiques des sols de France a l'échelle du 1/1000000. Tech. Rep., INRA.

Ledoux, E., G. Girard, G. de Marsilly, J. Deschenes, 1989: Spatially distributed modeling: conceptual approach, coupling surface water and ground water, NATO, ASI Series C. In: Morel-Seytoux, X. (Ed.). Unsaturated Flow Hydrologic Modeling-theory and Practice, 275 pp. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht pp. 435-454.

Lettenmaier, D. P., and L. Bowling, 2000: Arctic model intercomparison study initiated. GEWEX News, WCRP, 10(2), 8-10.

Mahfouf, J.-F., A. O. Manzi, J. Noilhan, H. Giordani, and M. Déqué, 1995: The land surface scheme ISBA within the Météo-France climate model ARPEGE. Part I: Implementation and preliminary results. J. Climate, 8, 2039-2057.

Nash, J. E., and J. V. Sutcliffe, 1970: River flow forecasting through conceptual models, 1, a discussion of principles. J. Hydrol., 10(3), 282-290.

Noilhan, J. and S. Planton, 1989: A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 536-549.

Noilhan, J., and J.-F. Mahfouf, 1996: The ISBA land surface parameterization scheme. Global and Plan. Change, 13, 145-159.

Noilhan, J., and P. Lacarrère, 1995: GCM gridscale evaporation from mesoscale modeling. J. Climate, 8(2), 206-223.

C. Ottlé, P. Etchevers, C. Golaz, F. Habets, J. Noilhan, E. Martin, E. Ledoux, E. Leblois , E. Sauquet, N. Amraoui, E. Artinian, J.L. Champeaux, C. Guérin, P. Lacarrêre, P. Le Moigne, G.M. Saulnier, D. Thiéry, D. Vidal-Madjar, S. Voirin, 2001: Hydro-Meteorological modelling of the Rhône basin: general presentation and objectives, Phys. and Chem. of the Earth, 26, (in press).

Polcher, J., P. Cox, P. Dirmeyer, H. Dolman, H. Gupta, A. Henderson-Sellers, P. Houser, R. Koster, T. Oki, A. Pitman and P. Viterbo, 2000: GLASS: Global Land-Atmosphere System Study. GEWEX News, WCRP, 10(2), 3-5.

Ritter, B. and J. F. Geleyn, 1992: A comprehensive radiation scheme for numerical prediction models with potential applications in climate models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 303-325.

Roujean, J.-L., D. Tanré, F. M. Bréon, and J. L. Deuze, 1997: Retrieval of land surface parameters from airborne POLDER bidirectional reflectance distribution function during HAPEX-Sahel, J. of Geophys. Res., 102, 11201-11218.

Schlosser, C. A., A. G. Slater, A. Robock, A. J. Pitman, K. Y. Vinnkov, A. Henderson-Sellers, N. A. Speranskaya, K. Mitchell, A. Boone, H. Braden, F. Chen, P. Cox, P. de Rosnay, C. E. Desborough, R. E. Dickinson, Y.-J. Dai, Q. Duan, J. Entin, P. Etchevers, N. Gedney, Y. M. Gusev, F. Habets, J. Kim, V. Koren, E. Kowalczyk, O. N. Nasonova, J. Noilhan, J. Schaake, A. B. Shmakin, T. G. Smirnova, D. Verseghy, P. Wetzel, Y. Xue, and Z.-L. Yang, 2000: Simulations of a boreal grassland hydrology at Valdai, Russia: PILPS Phase 2(d). Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 301-321.

Sellers, P. J. and Coauthors, 1997: BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions. J. of Geophys. Res., 102, 28731-28769.

Sellers, P. J., F. G. Hall, G. Asrar, D. E. Strebel, R. E. Murphy, 1988: The first ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 69, 22-27.

Shao, Y. and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1996: Validation of soil moisture simulation in land surface parameterization schemes with HAPEX data. Global and Plan. Change, 13, 11-46.

Smith, E. A., H. J. Cooper, W. L. Crosson, and W. Heng-Yi, 1993: Estimation of surface heat and moisture fluxes over a prairie grassland, 3, Design of a hybrid physical/remote sensing biosphere model, J. of Geophys. Res., 98, 4951-4978.

Violette, S., E. Ledoux, P. Goblet, and J. P. Carbonnel, 1997: Hydrologic and thermal modeling of an active volcano: the Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion. J. Hydrol., 191, 37-63.

Wetzel, P. J., and J.-T. Chang, 1987: Concerning the relationship between evapotranspiration and soil moisture. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 18-27.

Wood, E. F., D. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, D. Lohmann, A. Boone, S. Chang, F. Chen, Y. Dai, C. Desborough, Q. Duan, M. Ek, Y. Gusev, F. Habets, P. Irannejad, R. Koster, O. Nasanova, J. Noilhan, J. Schaake, A. Schlosser, Y. Shao, A. Shmakin, D. Verseghy, J. Wang, K. Warrach, P. Wetzel, Y. Xue, Z.-L. Yang and Q. Zeng, 1998: The Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) Phase-2c Red-Arkansas River Basin experiment: 3. experiment description and summary intercomparisons. Global and Plan. Change, 19, 115-135.