MTH3HRAD.DOC
1. TITLE
1.1 Data Set Identification.
Surface and Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Shortwave and Photosynthetically
Active Radiation (PAR) Fluxes.
(Monthly 3-Hourly Fluxes ; UMD/Dept. Meteorology)
1.2 Data Base Table Name.
Not applicable.
1.3 CD-ROM File Name.
\DATA\RADIATN\MTH_3HR\nnn_nnnn\nnnymmhh.Z
Where nnn_nnnn is the parameter directory name. The radiation data have 6
types of parameters (see table below). Note: capital letters indicate
fixed values that appear on the CD-ROM exactly as shown here, lower case
indicates characters (values) that change for each path and file.
The format used for the filenames is: nnnymmhh.Z, where nnn is the
parameter descriptor(see table below), y is the last digit of the year
(e.g., 7=1987), mm is the month of the year (e.g., 12=December), and hh
is the first two digits in the hour (e.g., 12=1200 Greenwich Mean Time).
The filename extension (.Z), identifies the compression method used on
the data (see section 8.4). Below is a table of actual file name
descriptors, directory names and full parameter names:
Parameter Description Directory Name Descriptor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Surface Shortwave Downward Flux SUR_SWDN SSD
Surface Shortwave Upward Flux SUR_SWUP SSU
TOA Shortwave Downward Flux TOA_SWDN TSD
TOA Shortwave Upward Flux TOA_SWUP TSU
Surface PAR Downward SUR_PADN PAD
Gap-Filling Flag FIL_FLAG FIL
1.4 Revision Date Of This Document.
April 5, 1995.
2. INVESTIGATOR(S)
2.1 Investigator(s) Name And Title.
Drs. R.T. Pinker and I. Laszlo
Department of Meteorology
University of Maryland, College Park
2.2 Title Of Investigation.
WCRP/SRB Project.
2.3 Contacts (For Data Production Information).
______________________________________________________________
| | Contact 1 | Contact 2 |
|______________|_______________________|_______________________|
|2.3.1 Name |Dr. R.T. Pinker |Dr. I. Laszlo |
|2.3.2 Address |Department of |Department of |
| |Meteorology |Meteorology |
| |University of Maryland |University of Maryland |
| City/St.|College Park, MD |College Park,MD |
| Zip Code|20742 |20742 |
|2.3.3 Tel. |(301) 405-5380 |(301) 405-5378 |
|2.3.4 Email |pinker@atmos.umd.edu |laszlo@atmos.umd.edu |
|______________|_______________________|_______________________|
2.4 Requested Form of Acknowledgment.
The 3-hourly radiation fluxes were produced at the Department of
Meteorology, University of Maryland by Drs. R.T. Pinker and I. Laszlo
under grants NA16RC0113-01 and NA36GP0386 from NOAA/Climate and Global
Change Program Operational Measurements and NAG5-914 from the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Earth Science and Applications
Division, Climate Research Program.
3. INTRODUCTION
3.1 Objective/Purpose.
Information on shortwave radiation and PAR is important for modeling
evapotranspiration over land and in controlling biogeochemical cycles
in the oceans and over land. The objective of this project was to
develop methodologies to derive these parameters and their derivatives
on a global scale, at temporal and spatial resolutions relevant for
climate modeling.
3.2 Summary of Parameters.
Surface shortwave (SW) downward flux, surface SW upward flux, surface
photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) downward flux, top of the
atmosphere (TOA) downward SW flux and TOA SW upward flux. These
parameters are derived at three-hourly intervals and averaged over a
month.
3.3 Discussion.
The derived parameters are based on satellite observations obtained under
the ISCCP activity (Schiffer and Rossow, 1985). Use was made here of
the C1 data which has spatial resolution of 2.5 X 2.5 degrees lat/long
and a temporal resolution of three hours. The results depend on the input
satellite data and on the quality of the auxiliary information used, such
as precipitable water and ozone, as available from ISCCP C1.
4. THEORY OF MEASUREMENTS
No measurements were made directly by the investigators. Shortwave radiation
and PAR were derived from an inference model. The primary inputs to the model
came from satellite sources. ISCCP-C1 data sets were chosen as inputs here
because most of the data for these sets came from operational satellite
sources. Also, the cloud parameters derived by ISCCP are about the best
currently available. The data coverage is global.
The ISCCP C1 data used to derive the SW and PAR fluxes are produced from Stage
B3, reduced resolution narrowband radiance (600 nm and 11,000 nm) measurements
made by the imaging radiometers on five geostationary satellites (METEOSAT,
INSAT, GMS, GOES-EAST and GOES-WEST) and at least one polar orbiting NOAA
satellite (only one year of complete INSAT data have been obtained but they
are not included here).
The ISCCP C1 data set used to derive the SW and PAR fluxes is described in
Rossow and Schiffer (1991), Schiffer and Rossow (1983), and Schiffer and
Rossow (1985). The angular models used in the inference model are described in
Suttles et. al. (1988).
5. EQUIPMENT
The basic instruments which made the measurements for ISCCP were the visible
and infrared imaging radiometers on-board geostationary and polar Sun-
synchronous satellites which were operational during the data period (January
1, 1987 to December 31, 1988). However, for this data set, only the final
ISCCP-C1 products were used. The details of the various satellite missions
are beyond the scope of this document. Therefore, the various subsections of
Sec. 5 do not apply to this project. For additional information on equipment
see references listed in Section 4.
5.1 Instrument Description.
Not applicable.
5.1.1 Platform.
Not applicable.
5.1.2 Mission Objectives.
Not applicable.
5.1.3 Key Variables.
Not applicable.
5.1.4 Principles of Operation.
Not applicable.
5.1.5 Instrument Measurement Geometry.
Not applicable.
5.1.6 Manufacturer of Instrument.
Not applicable.
5.2 Calibration.
See references listed in section 4 and Whitlock et. al. (1990).
5.2.1 Specifications.
Not applicable.
5.2.1.1 Tolerance.
Not applicable.
5.2.2 Frequency of Calibration.
Not applicable.
5.2.3 Other Calibration Information.
Not applicable.
6. PROCEDURE
6.1 Data Acquisition Methods.
The data sets described in this document were acquired by the Goddard
Distributed Active Archive Center (GDAAC) from Drs. R.T. Pinker and
I. Laszlo, Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland. The
ISCCP-C1 data used to create this data set are currently available from
User and Data Services at Langley DAAC, NASA Langley Research Center. For
additional information on data acquisition methods and procedure for
ISCCP data sets see the references in section 4.
6.2 Spatial Characteristics.
The original radiation data acquired from the University of Maryland had
a resolution of 2.5 X 2.5 degrees lat/long. The Goddard DAAC converted
these data to a 1 X 1 degree lat/long grid (see section 9.3.1).
6.2.1 Spatial Coverage.
The coverage is global. Data in file are ordered from north to
south and from west to east beginning at 180 degrees west and 90
degrees North. Point (1,1) represents the grid cell centered at
89.5 N and 179.5 W (see section 8.4).
6.2.2 Spatial Resolution.
The data are given on an equal-angle lat/long grid that has a
spatial resolution of 1 X 1 degree lat/long.
6.3 Temporal Characteristics.
6.3.1 Temporal Coverage.
January 1, 1987 through December 31, 1988.
6.3.2 Temporal Resolution.
Three hourly intervals (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 hours GMT),
averaged over a month.
7. OBSERVATIONS
7.1 Field Notes.
None.
8. DATA DESCRIPTION
8.1 Table Definition With Comments.
Not applicable.
8.2 Type of Data.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 8.2.1 | | | |
|Parameter/Variable Name | | | |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | 8.2.2 | 8.2.3 | 8.2.4 | 8.2.5 |
| |Parameter/Variable Description | Range | Units | Source |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|TOA_SWDN | | | |
| |Top of atmosphere shortwave |min = 0 |[Watts] |ISCCP C1 |
| |downward radiation flux |max = 1400 |[m^-2] |Radiances |
| | |fill = | | |
| | |-9999.000 | | |
| | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|TOA_SWUP | | | |
| |Top of atmosphere shortwave upward |min = 0 |[Watts] |ISCCP C1 |
| |radiation flux |max = 600 |[m^-2] |Radiances |
| | |fill = | | |
| | |-9999.000 | | |
| | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|SUR_SWDN | | | |
| |Surface shortwave downward |min = 0 |[Watts] |ISCCP C1 |
| |radiation flux |max = 1100 |[m^-2] |Radiances |
| | |fill = | | |
| | |-9999.000 | | |
| | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|SUR_SWUP | | | |
| |Surface shortwave upward radiation |min = 0 |[Watts] |ISCCP C1 |
| |flux |max = 600 |[m^-2] |Radiances |
| | |fill = | | |
| | |-9999.000 | | |
| | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|SUR_PADN | | | |
| |Surface photosynthetically active |min = 0 |[Watts] |ISCCP C1 |
| |radiation (PAR) downward flux |max = 600 |[m^-2] |Radiances |
| | |fill = | | |
| | |-9999.000 | | |
| | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|FIL_FLAG | | | |
| |Flag to indicate whether radiation |min = 0.000| |3-hourly |
| |data were "observed" or "filled". |max = 1.000| |and |
| |A flag value of 0 means data were |fill = | |daily |
| |derived from 3-hourly radiances, |-9999.000 | |fluxes |
| |a value of 1 means data were | | | |
| |estimated from the daily value of | | | |
| |fluxes (see 9.3.1). | | | |
| | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Footnote:
1.000 denotes missing data in GAP-FILLING FLAG file.
-9999.000 denotes fill value used for nighttime, in all files.
8.3 Sample Data Base Data Record.
Not applicable.
8.4 Data Format.
Compressed format:
This data has been compressed using Unix Compress. Compress uses
the modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm popularized in "A Technique for High
Performance Data Compression", Terry A. Welch, IEEE Computer, vol. 17,
no. 6 (June 1984), pp. 8-19. Common substrings in the file are first
replaced by 9-bit codes 257 and up. When code 512 is reached, the
algorithm switches to 10-bit codes and continues to use more bits until
the limit specified by the -b flag is reached (default 16). Bits must be
between 9 and 16. The default can be changed in the source to allow
compress to be run on a smaller machine.
The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input, the
number of bits per code, and the distribution of common substrings. This
data has been reduced by approximately 85%. So watch out!!!
The data described here can be de-compressed using the platform specific
programs listed below.
DOS MAC UNIX VMS
----------------------------------------------------
u16.zip MacGzip0.3b2 gzip1-2-3 gzip-1-2-3
These programs are located in the SOFTWARE directory on this CD-ROM. The
programs are also available via FTP from many archival data bases on the
Internet. Information on anonymous FTP sites which supply these software
can be obtained via anonymous FTP at ftp.cso.uiuc.edu in the directory
/doc/pcnet in the file compression.
Uncompressed format:
The CD-ROM file format is ASCII, and consists of numerical fields of
varying length, which are space delimited and arranged in columns and
rows. Each column contains 180 numerical values and each row contain 360
numerical values.
Grid arrangement
The CD-ROM file format is ASCII, and consists of numerical fields of
varying length, which are space delimited and arranged in columns and
rows. Each column contains 180 numerical values and each row contain 360
numerical values.
Grid arrangement
ARRAY(I,J)
I = 1 IS CENTERED AT 179.5W
I INCREASES EASTWARD BY 1 DEGREE
J = 1 IS CENTERED AT 89.5N
J INCREASES SOUTHWARD BY 1 DEGREE
90N - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - -
| (1,1) | (2,1) | (3,1) |
89N - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - -
| (1,2) | (2,2) | (3,2) |
88N - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - -
| (1,3) | (2,3) | (3,3) |
87N - | - - - | - - - | - - - |
180W 179W 178W 177W
ARRAY(360,180)
8.5 Related Data Sets.
Langley Research Center radiation data on this CD-ROM.
ISCCP-C1 data.
9. DATA MANIPULATIONS
9.1 Formulas.
9.1.1 Derivation Techniques/Algorithms.
Estimates of SW and PAR fluxes are obtained from an inference
method described in Pinker and Laszlo (1992).
In the inference method, spectral upward and downward fluxes at
the boundaries of the atmosphere are computed by determining the
atmospheric transmission and reflection and the surface albedo
pertaining to a particular satellite observation. The spectral
intervals are: 0.2-0.4, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-0.6, 0.6-0.7 and 0.7-4.0
microns.
The procedure includes the conversion of satellite-measured
visible (0.6 microns) clear and cloudy radiances into broadband
(0.2-4.0 microns) albedos, and the selection of the appropriate
transmittances and reflectances from a data library. The data
library holds spectral transmittances and TOA reflectances for a
variety of atmospheric conditions, and is built from an
atmospheric radiation model. The radiation model accounts for the
absorption and multiple scattering of shortwave radiation by water
vapor, ozone, aerosol and cloud droplets in a vertically
in homogeneous atmosphere. Absorption by water vapor and ozone is
parameterized, and the transfer of radiation is computed from the
delta-Eddington approximation.
The transmittances and reflectances are selected by comparing the
satellite-derived TOA broadband albedos to TOA albedos obtained
from the data library. The latter albedos are computed from the
ozone and water vapor data in the ISCCP C1 data set, and from the
surface albedo determined from a TOA albedo representing average
clear-sky conditions (clear-sky composite).
The upward (up) and downward (down) fluxes (F) at Tope of
Atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface (srf) are computed from the
following equations:
F(toa,down) = PI * F0 * cos(THETA0)
F(toa,up) = F(toa,down) * ( R0(THETA0) + r * TTILDA )
F(srf,down) = F(srf,down,dir) + F(srf,down,dif)
= F(toa,down) * ( T0(dir,THETA0) + T0(dif,THETA0)
+ r * RTILDA )
F(srf,up) = a(dir) * F(srf,down,dir) + a(dif) * F(srf,down,dif)
where:
r = ( a(dir,THETA0) * T0(dir,THETA0) +
a(dif,THETA0) * T0(dif,THETA0) ) /
( 1 - a(dif,THETA0) * RTILDA ),
and
THETA0 = solar zenith angle (degrees),
PI*F0 = extraterrestrial solar irradiance (Wm^-2),
R0(THETA0) = atmospheric reflectance,
T0(THETA0) = atmospheric transmittance,
F(srf,down,dir) = direct surface downward flux (Wm^-2),
F(srf,down,dif) = diffuse surface downward flux (Wm^-2),
T0(dir,THETA0) = direct transmittance,
T0(dif,THETA0) = diffuse transmittance,
a(dir) = direct surface albedo,
a(dif) = diffuse surface albedo,
RTILDA = spherical reflectance,
TTILDA = spherical transmittance.
Integration of the spectral fluxes for the interval of 0.4-0.7
microns gives PAR, while integration over the wavelengths of
0.2-4.0 microns yields the shortwave radiation.
9.2 Data Processing Sequence.
9.2.1 Processing Steps and Data Sets.
1) The clear-sky, clear-sky composite and cloudy-sky radiances
of the ISCCP C1 data are converted into broadband albedos.
2) Surface albedo is derived from the clear-sky composite TOA
broadband albedo and ISCCP C1 ozone and water vapor amounts.
Climatological value of the aerosol optical depth is assumed.
3) From the transmittance/reflectance data library, clear-sky and
cloudy-sky TOA albedos are computed for a set aerosol and cloud
optical depths using ISCCP C1 ozone and water vapor amounts and
the surface albedo derived in step 2.
4) The transmittance and reflectance pertaining to the satellite
observation are selected by comparing the computed and
satellite-derived TOA albedos. Clear-sky and cloudy-sky fluxes
for every three hours are computed. All-sky fluxes are obtained
by weighting the clear-sky and cloudy-sky fluxes with ISCCP C1
cloud cover data.
5) For every three hours, and for each grid, fluxes are adjusted
to the solar zenith angle calculated for the center of grid.
6) The all-sky, three-hourly fluxes are averaged over a month.
9.2.2 Processing Changes.
The data were produced with Version 1.1 of the model as currently
available at NASA LaRC SDAC.
9.3 Calculations.
9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments.
See step 5 in Section 9.2.1.
Due to missing observations and the lack of geostationary
satellite data along the 75 deg. E meridian, there are gaps in the
three-hourly global coverage. These gaps are filled in from the
daily flux values for the daylight hours by dividing the monthly
averages of daily fluxes by the monthly average of the daily solar
zenith angle cosines, and then multiplying the result by the
monthly average of the three-hourly solar zenith angle cosines.
Below is a description of the re-gridding process done by the
Goddard DAAC:
The original data consisted of 2.5 x 2.5 degree equal angular
grid values, starting at 0 longitude, -90 latitude, and
progressing eastward and then northward to 360 longitude, 90
latitude.
The Goddard DAAC regridded each latitude and longitude band of
data by implementing the following steps:
1) Replicate every data value in each latitude band 360 times,
assigning them to a temporary array. Each of the original
latitude bands had 144 data values, which replicated 360
times produces a temporary array of 51840 data values for
that latitude band.
2) The first 144 (temporary array) data values are summed and
then divided by the number (144) of original latitude band
values. This was repeated 359 more times, for every 144
(temporary array) data values, in affect performing a linear
interpolation of the data within the latitude band.
3) Step 1 and 2 were repeated until all latitude bands have
been interpolated.
4) The same method, discussed above, was used for regridding
each longitude band of data, except that the number of
replications was 180.
5) The resulting array of data values were then split and
shifted from 0 longitude -> 360 longitude to -180 longitude
-> 180 longitude.
6) These data were then fliped from -180 longitude, -90
latitude to -180 longitude, 90 latitude.
9.4 Graphs and Plots.
None.
10. ERRORS
10.1 Sources of Error.
Errors can come from the satellite observations, from the inference
model used and from auxiliary input data. Satellite calibration accuracy
is of major concern. The observations come from several satellites
(e.g., GOES, GMS, METEOSAT, polar orbiters) which have different
spectral intervals. Also, the viewing angles differ and current angular
models require improvements. The radiative transfer component of the
inference model has been tested in the framework of the Intercomparison
of Radiation Codes in Climate Models (ICRCCM). Not all the auxiliary
information required for driving the model, however, is available.
10.2 Quality Assessment.
10.2.1 Data Validation by Source.
An ongoing effort is in progress to validate the derived
parameters. The validation effort for SW is done at NASA LaRc
using the GEBA archive (Ohmura and Gilgen, 1993). The validation
effort for PAR is done at the University of Maryland.
10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment.
Comparison of SW data with ground observations at a limited
number of European stations from GEBA shows a bias error of less
than 9 [W] [m^-2] and total RMS error of 18 [W] [m^-2] for most
months. Inclusion of other GEBA sites increases the error
slightly.
10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters and Variables.
Not available at this revision.
10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessment Applied.
None.
11. NOTES
11.1 Known Problems With The Data.
Not available at this revision.
11.2 Usage Guidance.
Not available at this revision.
11.3 Other Relevant Information.
Not available at this revision.
12. REFERENCES
12.1 Satellite/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation.
Rossow, W.B. and R.A. Schiffer, 1991. ISCCP cloud data products, Bull.
Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72:2-20.
Schiffer, R.A., and W.B. Rossow, 1983. The International Satellite Cloud
Climatology Project(ISCCP): The first project of the World Climate
Research Programme, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 64:779-984.
Schiffer, R.A., and W.B. Rossow, 1985. ISCCP global radiance data set:
A new resource for climate research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,
66:1498-1505.
Suttles, J.T., R.N. Green, P. Minnis, G.L. Smith, W.F. Staylor, B.A.
Wielicki, I.J. Walker, D.F. Young, V.R. Taylor, and L.L. Stowe,
1988. Angular radiation models for earth atmosphere system, 134pp.,
Washington, D.C., (NASA Ref. Publ., 1184).
Whitlock,C.H., T.P.Charlock, W.F.Staylor, R.T.Pinker, I.Laszlo,
R.C.DiPasquale, and N.A.Ritchey, 1993. Description of WCRP surface
radiation budget shortwave data set (version 1.1), NASA Technical
Memorandum, 10774.
12.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports.
Frouin, R. and R.T. Pinker, 1994. Estimating Photosynthetically Active
Radiation (PAR) at the earth's surface from satellite observations.
Remote Sensing of the environment, in press.
Ohmura. A., and Gilgen, H., 1993. Evaluation of the global energy
balance, Geophy. Monogra. 75, American Geophy. Union, 15:93-110.
Pinker,R.T., and I.Laszlo, 1992. Modeling surface solar irradiance
for satellite solar irradiance applications on a global scale.
J. Appl. Meteor., 31:194-211.
Pinker, R.T. and I. Laszlo, 1992. Global distribution of photosynthe-
tically active radiation as observed from satellites. J. Climate,
5:56-65.
Pinker, R.T., I. Laszlo and F. Miskolczi, 1993. Photosynthetically
active radiation from satellite observations. IRS '92, Tallinn,
Estonia, 3-9 August 1992.
Pinker, R.T., R. Frouin and Z. Li, 1994. A review of satellite methods
to derive surface shortwave radiation fluxes. Remote sensing of the
Environment, in press.
Pinker, R.T., F. Miskolczi, and I. Laszlo, 1994. Validation of a
satellite inference method to derive photosynthetically active
radiation. Eighth Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, 74th AMS
Annual meeting, 23-28 January 1994, Nashville, TN.
Pinker, R.T., I. Laszlo, and F. Miskolczi, 1994. Photosynthetic climate
in selected regions during the north hemispheric growing season.
Global Biogeochemical cycles, 8:117-125.
Rossow,W.B., and L.Garder, 1984. Selection of a map grid for data
analysis and archival. J.Climate and Appl. Meteor., 23:1253-57.
Schiffer,R.A., and W.B.Rossow, 1983. The International Satellite Cloud
Project(ISCCP): The first project of the World Climate Research
Programme, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 64:779-984.
Welch, T.A., 1984. A Technique for High Performance Data Compression.
IEEE Computer, 17(6):8-19.
Whitlock,C.H., Staylor,W.F., Smith,G., Levin,R., Frouin.R, Gautier.C.,
Teillet,P.M., Slater,P.N., Kaufman, Y.J., Holben,B.B., Rossow,W.B.,
Brest,C.L., and Lecroy,S.R., 1990. AVHRR and VISSR satellite
instrument caliberation results for both Cirrus and Marine Stratus
IFO periods. NASA Conf. Proc., 3083:141-145.
Whitlock, C.H., W.F. Staylor, W.L. Darnell, M.D. Chou, G. Dedieu, P.Y.
Deschamps, J. Ellis, C. Gautier, R. Frouin, R.T. Pinker, I. Laszlo,
W.B. Rossow, and D. Tarpley, 1990a. Comparison of surface radiation
budget satellite algorithms for downwelled shortwave irradiance with
Wisconsin FIRE/SRB surface-truth data. Proc. of the 7th Conf. on
Atmospheric Radiation, San Francisco, July 23-27, 1990. Published by
the American Meteorological Society, Feb. 4(9):237-242.
12.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation.
Contact the EOS Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt Maryland (see Section 13 below).
Documentation about using the archive or information about access to the
on-line information system is available through the GSFC DAAC User
Services Office.
13. DATA ACCESS
13.1 Contacts for Archive/Data Access Information.
GSFC DAAC User Services
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 902.2
Greenbelt, MD 20771
Phone: (301) 286-3209
Fax: (301) 286-1775
Internet: daacuso@eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov
13.2 Archive Identification.
Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 902.2
Greenbelt, MD 20771
Telephone: (301) 286-3209
FAX: (301) 286-1775
Internet: daacuso@eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov
13.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data.
Users may place requests by accessing the on-line system, by sending
letters, electronic mail, FAX, telephone, or personal visit.
Accessing the GSFC DAAC Online System:
The GSFC DAAC Information Management System (IMS) allows users to
ordering data sets stored on-line. The system is open to the public.
Access Instructions:
Node name: daac.gsfc.nasa.gov
Node number: 192.107.190.139
Login example: telnet daac.gsfc.nasa.gov
Username: daacims
password: gsfcdaac
You will be asked to register your name and address during your first
session.
Ordering CD-ROMs:
To order CD-ROMs (available through the Goddard DAAC) users should
contact the Goddard DAAC User Support Office (see section 13.2).
13.4 GSFC DAAC Status/Plans.
The ISLSCP Initiative I CD-ROM is available from the Goddard DAAC.
14. OUTPUT PRODUCTS AND AVAILABILITY
14.1 Tape Products.
None.
14.2 Film Products.
None.
14.3 Other Products.
None.
15. GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
AVHRR Advanced Very-High Resolution Radiometer
GEBA Global Energy Budget Archive
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
ICRCCM InterComparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models
ICSU International Council for Scientific Unions
ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
LaRc Langley Research Center
LW Longwave Radiation
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.
PAR Photosynthetically Active Radiation
SDAC Satellite Data Analysis Center
SRB Surface Radiation Budget
SW Shortwave radiation
TOA Top-of-the-atmosphere
TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
UMD University of Maryland at College Park
WCRP World Climate Research Programme (ICSU and WMO)
WMO World Meteorological Organization